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Q: Who is considered Employment First Preference (E1)?
A: Priority workers receive 28.6 percent of the yearly worldwide limit. All priority workers must be the beneficiaries of an approved Form I- 140, Immigrant Petition for Foreign Worker, filed with the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services (previously INS). Within this preference, there are three sub-groups:
- Persons of extraordinary ability in the sciences, arts, education, business, or athletics. Applicants in this category must have extensive documentation showing sustained national or international acclaim and recognition in the field of expertise. Such applicants do not have to have a specific job offer, so long as they are entering the U.S. to continue work in the field in which they have extraordinary ability. Such applicants can file their own petition with the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services (previously INS), rather than through an employer.
- Outstanding professors and researchers with at least three years experience in teaching or research, who are recognized internationally. No labor certification is required for this classification, but the prospective employer must provide a job offer and file a petition with the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services (previously INS).
- Certain executives and managers who have been employed at least one of the three preceding years by the overseas affiliate, parent, subsidiary, or branch of the U.S. employer. The applicant must be coming to work in a managerial or executive capacity. No labor certification is required for this classification, but the prospective employer must provide a job offer and file a petition with the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services (previously INS).
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Q: Who is considered Employment Second Preference (E2)?
A: Professionals Holding Advanced Degrees, or Persons of Exceptional Ability in the Arts, Sciences, or Business receive 28.6 percent of the yearly worldwide limit, plus any unused Employment First Preference visas.
All Second Preference applicants must have a labor certification approved by the DOL, or Schedule A designation, or establish that they qualify for one of the shortage occupations in the Labor Market Information Pilot Program. A job offer is required, and the U.S. employer must file a petition on behalf of the applicant. Aliens may apply for exemption from the job offer and labor certification if the exemption would be in the national interest, in which case the alien may file the petition, Form I-140, along with evidence of the national interest. There are two subgroups within this category:
Professionals holding an advanced degree (beyond a baccalaureate degree), or a baccalaureate degree and at least five years progressive experience in the profession; and
Persons with exceptional ability in the arts, sciences, or business. Exceptional ability means having a degree of expertise significantly above that ordinarily encountered within the field.
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Q: Who is considered Employment Third Preference (E3)?
A: Skilled Workers, Professionals Holding Baccalaureate Degrees and Other Workers receive 28.6 percent of the yearly worldwide limit, plus any unused Employment First and Second Preference visas. All Third Preference applicants require an approved I-140 petition filed by the prospective employer. All such workers require a labor certification, or Schedule A designation, or evidence that they qualify for one of the shortage occupations in the Labor Market Information Pilot Program. There are three subgroups within this category:
- Skilled workers are persons capable of performing a job requiring at least two years' training or experience
- Professionals with a baccalaureate degree are members of a profession with at least a university bachelor's degree; and
- Other workers are those persons capable of filling positions requiring less than two years' training or experience
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Q: Who is considered Employment Fourth Preference (E4)?
A: Special Immigrants receive 7.1 percent of the yearly worldwide limit. All such applicants must be the beneficiary of an approved I-360, Petition for Special Immigrant, except overseas employees of the U.S. Government (who must use Form DS-1884). There are six subgroups:
- Religious workers coming to carry on the vocation of a minister of religion, or to work in a professional capacity in a religious vocation, or to work for a tax-exempt organization affiliated with a religious denomination
- Certain overseas employees of the U.S. Government
- Former employees of the Panama Canal Company
- Retired employees of international organizations
- Certain dependents of international organization employees
- Certain members of the U.S. Armed Forces
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Q: Who is considered Employment Fifth Preference (E5)?
A: Employment Creation Investors receive 7.1 percent of the yearly worldwide limit. All applicants must file a Form I-526, Immigrant Petition by Alien Entrepreneur, with the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services (previously INS). To qualify, an alien must invest between U.S. $500,000 and $1,000,000 (depending on the employment rate in the geographical area) in a commercial enterprise in the United States which creates at least 10 new full-time jobs for U.S. citizens, permanent resident aliens, or other lawful immigrants, not including the investor and his or her family.
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Q: What if an occupation requires a labor certification?
A: A person whose occupation requires a labor certification must have prearranged employment in the United States.
Individual Labor Certification
The applicant must complete DOL Form ETA-750B, Statement of Qualifications of Alien, and send this completed form to the prospective employer who completes Form ETA-750A, Application for Alien Employment Certification, Offer of Employment.
The prospective employer submits both forms to the local office of the State Employment Service in the area in the United States where the work will be performed. The appropriate regional office of the DOL then notifies the employer of its approval or disapproval.
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Q: What is a "Schedule A Designation"?
A: The Department of Labor has made a schedule of occupations for which it delegates authority to the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services (previously INS) to approve labor certifications. Schedule A, Group I, includes physical therapists and nurses. Schedule A, Group II includes aliens of exceptional ability in the sciences and arts (except performing arts). To apply for Schedule A designation, the employer must submit a completed, uncertified Form ETA-750 in duplicate to the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services (previously INS) along with the I-140 petition.
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Q: What is the Labor Market Information Pilot Program?
A: The Immigration Act of 1990 provides for the DOL to establish a Labor Market Information Pilot Program that will define up to ten occupational classifications in which there are labor shortages.A labor certification will be deemed to have been issued for purposes of an employment-based immigrant petition for aliens within the listed shortage occupations. The Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services (previously INS) can provide further information.
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Q: What about visa ineligibility or waivers?
A: The immigration laws of the United States, in order to protect the health, welfare, and security of the U.S., prohibits the issuance of a visa to certain applicants. Examples of applicants who must be refused visas are those who:
- Have a communicable disease
- Have a dangerous physical or mental disorder
- Have committed serious criminal acts
- Are terrorists, subversives, members of a totalitarian party, or former Nazi war criminals
- Have used illegal means to enter the U.S.
- Are ineligible for citizenship.
Some former exchange visitors must live abroad for two years. Physicians who intend to practice medicine must pass a qualifying exam before receiving immigrant visas. If the applicant isn't eligible, the consular officer will advise the applicant of any waivers.
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Q: What documents are needed for a visa application?
A: All applicants must submit certain personal documents such as passports, birth certificates, police certificates, and other civil documents, as well as evidence that they will not become public charges in the United States. The consular officer will inform visa applicants of the documents needed as their applications are processed.
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Q: Are medical examinations required for the visas?
A: Before the issuance of an immigrant visa, every applicant, regardless of age, must undergo a medical examination. The examination will be conducted by a doctor designated by the consular officer. Examination costs must be borne by the applicant, in addition to the visa fees.
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Q: What if there are more applicants for a category than there are available visas?
A: Whenever there are more qualified applicants for a category than there are available numbers, the category will be considered oversubscribed, and immigrant visas will be issued in the chronological order in which the petitions were filed until the numerical limit for the category is reached. The filing date of a petition becomes the applicant's priority date. Immigrant visas cannot be issued until an applicant's priority date is reached. In certain heavily oversubscribed categories, there may be a waiting period of several years before a priority date is reached. Check the Visa Bulletin , http://travel.state.gov/visa_bulletin.html, for the latest priority dates.
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Q: Once an application is made, is it guaranteed to receive a visa?
A: Since no advance assurances can be given that a visa will be issued, applicants are advised not to make any final travel arrangements, not to dispose of their property, and not to give up their jobs until visas have been issued to them. An immigrant visa can be valid for six months from issuance date.
With few exceptions, a person born in the United States has a claim to U.S. citizenship. Persons born in countries other than the U.S. may have a claim, under United States law, to U.S. nationality if either parent was:
- Born or naturalized in the U.S., or
- A U.S. citizen at the applicant's birth
Any applicant believing he or she may have a claim to United States citizenship should not apply for a visa until his or her citizenship has been determined by the consular office.
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Information courtesy of the Department of State.
